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Market Structure

Dow theory

Intermediate

Also calledCharles DowWilliam Peter Hamiltonprimary trendsecondary reaction

Charles Dow's ideas, developed by Hamilton in 1922: trends defined by highs and lows, three trends at once, and confirmation.

What it means

Its accumulation, public participation and distribution phases are the ancestors of Wyckoff and ICT's Power of 3.

In practice

Almost every modern method of reading trends rests on Dow's observations: an uptrend is a series of higher highs and higher lows, and it stays in force until the sequence clearly breaks.

The idea of three trends at once (a primary trend lasting months or years, secondary reactions against it, and minor daily moves) is the root of multi-timeframe analysis. Confirmation, where related markets should agree, lives on in comparing indices and correlated assets.

What to watch for

Dow theory describes trends; it does not time them. Its signals arrive well after a turn, which suits long-term investors more than short-term traders.

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